All of this was on my mind this morning as I read this passage from the second volume of William Manchester's biography of Winston Churchill:
There is a revealing vingnette in (Simone de Beauvoir's memoir) La Force de l'age. (Jean-Paul) Sartre and de Beauvoir are boating down the Elbe to the rock of Heligoland. Sartre strikes up a conversation with a fellow passenger, a forty-year-old German wearing a black peaked cap and a morose expression. The German tells Sartre that he had been a sergeant in the Great War, and, his voice rising, says: "If there is another war, this time we shall not be defeated. We shall retrieve our honor." Sartre thinks the poor fellow feels shamed because his side lost; being simple, the ex-sergeant needs reassurance that war's horrors lie in the past, never to return. He mildly remarks that there is no need of war; everyone wants peace. But he is facing a sorte he has never seen before: a real Kampfer (warrior), incapable of forgetting or forgiving. Glaring the man replies, "Honor comes first. First we must retrieve our honor." De Beauvoir wrote: "His fanatical tone alarmed me ... Never had I seen hatred shine so nakedly from any human face." She tried to reassure herself "with the reflection that an ex-serviceman is bound to hold militaristic views," yet added, "How many such were there, who lived only for the moment when the great day of revenge would come?"

